Medical Language for Modern Health Care

AH120.1: Roots and Combining Forms

Learning Outcomes:

AH120.1

• Relate the logic of the language of medicine to your practice as a Health Care Professional.
• Define the terms root, combining vowel, and combining form.
• Recognize that roots and combining forms are the core elements of any medical term.
• Deconstruct medical terms into roots and combining forms.
• Interpret the meaning of roots and combining forms in commonly used medical terms.
• Use roots and combining forms to construct commonly used medical terms.
• Identify the medical terms taken directly from Greek or Latin words.
• Differentiate between medical terms that are spelled and/or pronounced similarly.

AH120.2: Suffixes and Prefixes

Learning Outcomes:

AH120.2

• Define the term suffix.
• Identify the suffixes of commonly used medical terms and their meanings.
• Establish a classification of suffixes.
• Define the term prefix.
• Identify the prefixes of commonly used medical terms and their meanings.
• Establish a classification of prefixes.
• Link word elements of prefixes, suffixes, roots, and combining forms together to construct medical terms.
• Deconstruct medical terms into their elements.

AH120.3: Word Analysis and Communication

Learning Outcomes:

AH120.3

• Deconstruct a medical term into its basic elements.
• Use word elements to identify or construct a medical term.
• Connect the singular and plural components of medical terms.
• Employ the phonetic system used to pronounce medical terms.
• Use Word Analysis and Definition Boxes to describe the phonetic pronunciation, word elements, and definition of terms used in the ebook.
• Communicate with precision in both written and verbal communication in all health care fields.

AH120.4: The Body as a Whole

Learning Outcomes:

AH120.4

• Apply correct medical terms to the anatomy and physiology of the body as a whole.
• Discuss the medical terms associated with the structures and functions of cells, tissues, and organs.
• Relate individual body systems to the organization and function of the body as a whole.
• Integrate the medical terms of the different anatomic positions, planes, and directions of the body into everyday medical language.
• Map the body cavities.
• Describe the nine regions of the abdomen.
• Use medical terms pertaining to the body as a whole to communicate and document in writing accurately and precisely in any health care setting.
• Use medical terms pertaining to the body as a whole to communicate verbally with accuracy and precision in any health care setting.

AH120.5: Digestive System

Learning Outcomes:

AH120.5

• Describe the alimentary canal and its accessory organs.
• Discuss the functions of the digestive system.
• Use the medical terms of gastroenterology to communicate and document in writing accurately and precisely in any health care setting.
• Use the medical terms of gastroenterology to communicate verbally with accuracy and precision in any health care setting.
• Match abbreviations to the medical terms.
• Relate the anatomy of the mouth to the function of mastication.
• Describe disorders of the mouth.
• Relate the anatomy of the pharynx and esophagus to the function of swallowing.
• Describe disorders of the esophagus.
• Relate the anatomy of the stomach and small intestine to the process of digestion.
• Discuss disorders of the stomach and small intestine.
• Describe the pharmacology of treating excess gastric acid.
• Relate the anatomy of the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas to their functions in digestion.
• Explain the function of the different liver function tests.
• Discuss disorders of the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas that affect digestion.
• Explain the digestion and absorption of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats.
• Discuss malabsorption syndromes and their diagnoses.
• Relate the anatomy of the large intestine to its functions.
• Discuss disorders of the large intestine.
• Explain the different forms of gastrointestinal bleeding and their diagnosis and treatment.

AH120.6: Urinary System

Learning Outcomes:

AH120.6

• LO 6.1 Apply the language of urology to the anatomy and the structure of the urinary system.
• Explain the physiology and functions of the urinary system.
• Use the medical terms of urology to communicate in writing and document the terms of urology accurately and precisely in any health care setting.
• Use the medical terms of urology to communicate verbally with accuracy and precision in any health care setting.
• Define abbreviations that relate to the urinary system.
• Explain the effects of common urinary disorders on health.
• Describe the response of common disorders of the urinary system to treatment.
• Describe diagnostic procedures that pertain to the urinary system.
• Explain the use of urinalysis as a diagnostic tool.
• List the abnormal constituents of urine.
• Differentiate the methods of urine collection.

AH120.7: Male Reproductive System

Learning Outcomes:

AH120.7

• Apply the language of urology as it relates to the anatomy and physiology of the male reproductive system.
• Use the medical terms of urology as they relate to the male reproductive system to communicate and document in writing accurately and precisely in any health care setting.
• Use the medical terms of urology as they relate to the male reproductive system to communicate verbally with accuracy and precision in any health care setting.
• Describe the anatomy and physiology of the male reproductive organs and the accessory glands.
• Discuss the disorders of the individual reproductive glands and their treatment.

AH120.8: Female Reproductive System

Learning Outcomes:

AH120.8

• Use the medical terms of gynecology and obstetrics to communicate and document in writing accurately and precisely in any health care setting.
• Use the medical terms of gynecology and obstetrics to communicate verbally with accuracy and precision in any health care setting.
• Describe the anatomy and physiology of the female reproductive system.
• Describe the effects and treatments of sexually transmitted diseases.
• Identify the hormones of the female sexual cycle.
• Discuss disorders of the female reproductive tract.
• Explain the causes of and the investigation of female infertility.
• Identify methods of contraception for the female and male.
• Describe conception, implantation, and development of the embryo and fetus.
• Discuss the changes that occur in the female reproductive system during pregnancy and childbirth.
• Understand the effects of common disorders of pregnancy and childbirth on the mother and fetus.
• Describe the structure and functions of the female breast.
• Discuss disorders of the breast and their treatment.

AH120.9: Nervous System

Learning Outcomes:

AH120.9

• Recognize the Health Professionals involved in the care of patients with neurologic problems.
• Apply the language of neurology to the anatomy, structures, and cells of the nervous system.
• Use the language of neurology to describe the physiology and functions of the nervous system.
• Write the medical terms of neurology to communicate and document accurately and precisely in any health care setting.
• Use the medical terms of neurology to communicate verbally with accuracy and precision in any health care setting.
• Define abbreviations that pertain to the nervous system.
• Describe the major regions of the brain, cranial nerves, and their functions.
• Define the structure and functions of the spinal cord, spinal nerves, and the meninges.
• Explain the effects of common disorders of the brain and cranial nerves on health.
• Explain the effects of common disorders of the spinal cord, spinal and peripheral nerves, and meninges on health.
• Recognize diagnostic procedures that pertain to the nervous system.
• Discuss the pharmacology of the drugs that affect the nervous system.

AH121: Cardiovascular System

Learning Outcomes:

AH121

• Apply the language of cardiology to the anatomy and structure of the cardiovascular system.
• Explain the physiology and functions of the cardiovascular system.
• Describe the blood flow through the heart and the systemic circulations.
• Identify the phases of the cardiac cycle.
• Describe the electrical properties of the heart.
• Use the medical terms of cardiology to communicate and document in writing accurately and precisely in any health care setting.
• Use the medical terms of cardiology to communicate verbally with accuracy and precision in any health care setting.
• Define abbreviations that pertain to the cardiovascular system.
• Explain the effects of common disorders of the heart on health.
• Describe tests used to detect cardiac disorders.
• Define the types of treatment procedures and the effects of cardiac drugs that are in clinical use.
• Match the structure of the different blood vessels in the circulations to their functions.
• Explain the effects of common circulatory disorders on the body as a whole.

AH121.1 Blood

Learning Outcomes:

AH121.1

• Use the medical terms of hematology to communicate and document in writing accurately and precisely in any health care setting.
• Use the medical terms of hematology to communicate verbally with accuracy and precision in any health care setting.
• Describe the components and functions of blood and the basic laboratory studies that show these.
• Describe the structure and functions of red blood cells (RBCs).
• Discuss disorders of RBCs.
• Describe the types of white blood cells (WBCs) and their functions.
• Discuss disorders of WBCs.
• Explain hemostasis.
• Discuss disorders of coagulation and their pharmacology.
• Identify the different blood groups and their role in transfusions.

AH121.2: Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Learning Outcomes:

AH121.2

• Describe the three lines of defense that the body has against foreign organisms, cells and molecules.
• Explain the anatomy and physiology of the lymphatic system.
• Use the medical terms of immunology to communicate and document in writing accurately and precisely in any health care setting.
• Use the medical terms of immunology to communicate verbally with accuracy and precision in any health care setting.
• Define abbreviations that pertain to the lymphatic and immune systems.
• Explain the effects of common disorders of the lymphatic system on health.
• Discuss the specific characteristics that distinguish immunity from the other defense mechanisms of the body.
• Define the two types of immunity and the specialized cells involved.
• Explain the effects of common disorders of the immune system on health.

AH121.3: Respiratory System

Learning Outcomes:

AH121.3

• Apply the language of pulmonology to identify the anatomy and physiology of the upper and lower respiratory tracts.
• Apply the language of pulmonology to relate the structures of the upper and lower respiratory tracts to their functions.
• Use the medical terms of pulmonology to communicate and document in writing accurately and precisely in any health care setting.
• Use the medical terms of pulmonology to communicate verbally with accuracy and precision in any health care setting.
• Define abbreviations that relate to the respiratory system.
• Summarize the mechanics of respiration.
• Discuss the significance of the symptoms and signs of respiratory disorders.
• Explain the effects of common upper respiratory tract disorders on health.
• Explain the effects of common lower respiratory tract disorders on health.
• Identify the value of common diagnostic and therapeutic procedures used in disorders of the respiratory system.
• List the classes of drugs used to treat pulmonary disorders.

AH121.4: Musculoskeletal System

Learning Outcomes:

AH121.4

• Apply the language of orthopedics to the anatomy, growth, and structure of the skeletal system.
• Apply the language of orthopedics to the physiology and functions of the skeletal system.
• Use the medical terms of orthopedics to communicate and document in writing accurately and precisely in any health care setting.
• Use the medical terms of orthopedics to communicate verbally with accuracy and precision in any health care setting.
• Define abbreviations that pertain to the musculoskeletal system.
• Discuss common diseases of bone.
• Explain the causes and types of fractures of bone, their healing, and the procedures for repairing fractures.
• Describe the classes of joints and the movements that they can achieve.
• Identify the common diseases of joints and the surgical procedures used to treat them.
• Match the structure of skeletal muscle to its functions.
• Discuss common disorders of skeletal muscles.
• Describe the structure and functions of the axial skeleton and its associated joints and muscles.
• Identify the structures and functions of the bones, joints, and muscles of the shoulder, arm, and hand.
• Explain common disorders of the shoulder, arm, and hand, and procedures used in their treatment.
• Discuss the structure and functions of the pelvic girdle, hip, thigh, knee, lower leg, ankle, and foot.
• Describe common disorders of the pelvic girdle, hip, thigh, knee, lower leg, ankle, and foot and procedures used in their treatment.

AH121.5: Integumentary System

Learning Outcomes:

AH121.5

• Describe the overall structure, functions, and regions of the skin.
• Discuss the different layers of the skin and their functions.
• Differentiate the different sites for injections in the skin and their effect.
• Describe the common disorders, diseases, and infections of the skin.
• Use the medical terms of dermatology to communicate and document in writing accurately and precisely in any health care setting.
• Use the medical terms of dermatology to communicate verbally with accuracy and precision in any health care setting.
• Define the types of topical agents used in the treatment of skin disorders.
• Match the accessory skin organs to their functions.
• Describe disorders of the accessory skin organs.
• Discuss burns and injuries to the skin.
• Describe the healing of wounds to the skin.

AH121.6: Special Senses of the Eye and Ear

Learning Outcomes:

AH121.6

• Use the medical terms of ophthalmology and otology to communicate and document in writing accurately and precisely in any health care setting.
• Use the medical terms of ophthalmology and otology to communicate verbally with accuracy and precision in any health care setting.
• Describe the accessory structures of the eye and their common disorders.
• Identify the common conditions of the eye due to imbalance of the extrinsic muscles of the eye.
• Discuss the structure and functions of the eyeball and its different components.
• Map the visual pathway from the lens to the visual cortex of the brain.
• Describe the disorders of refraction.
• Describe the cause, appearance, diagnosis, and treatment of common disorders of the eye and its accessory structures.
• Define the purpose of certain ophthalmic procedures.
• Describe the anatomy of the external ear and its disorders.
• Discuss the structure and functions of the middle ear and its disorders.
• Discuss the structure and functions of the inner ear for hearing and balance and its disorders.
• Identify the value of hearing test procedures.

AH121.7: Endocrine System

Learning Outcomes:

AH121.7

• Identify the endocrine glands and the hormones each gland secretes.
• Locate the anatomical position of each endocrine gland in the body.
• Describe the functions of the different hormones in the body.
• Identify the disorders resulting from excessive and deficient production of the different hormones.
• Use the medical terms of endocrinology to communicate and document in writing accurately and precisely in any health care setting.
• Use the medical terms of endocrinology to communicate verbally with accuracy and precision in any health care setting.
• Explain the clinical and laboratory tests used to determine the presence or absence of a specific hormone.
• Describe agents used in the treatment of endocrine disorders.
• Discuss the body’s reaction to stress.
• Identify the different types, symptoms, and signs of diabetes.
• Describe the criteria used to diagnose diabetes.
• Discuss the different forms of treatment of diabetes.

AH121.8: Mental Health

Learning Outcomes:

AH121.8

• Use the medical terms of psychology and psychiatry to communicate and document in writing accurately and precisely in any health care setting.
• Use the medical terms of psychology and psychiatry to communicate verbally with accuracy and precision in any health care setting.
• Recognize a uniform system for classifying and describing mental disorders.
• Describe the major types of anxiety disorders.
• Discuss psychoses and schizophrenia.
• Identify personality disorders.
• Explain the effects of common psychoactive drugs.

AH121.9: Geriatrics

Learning Outcomes:

AH121.9

• Apply the languages of geriatrics and gerontology to the anatomy, physiology, and psychology of aging in the elderly.
• Use the languages of geriatrics and gerontology to communicate and document in writing accurately and precisely in any health care setting.
• Use the languages of geriatrics and gerontology to communicate verbally with accuracy and precision in any health care setting.
• Compare and contrast geriatrics and gerontology.
• Describe the most up-to-date profile of older Americans.
• Discuss the terms aging and senescence.
• Describe the effects of senescence on the major organ systems.
• Explain theories of the process of senescence.
• Discuss the complex effects of aging.
• Describe specific disorders of aging.
• Discuss dying and death.
• Identify answers to some of the important legal issues surrounding dying and death.

AH122: Cancer

Learning Outcomes:

AH122

• Use the medical terms of oncology so that you communicate and document in writing accurately and precisely in any health care setting.
• Use the medical terms of oncology to communicate verbally with accuracy and precision in any health care setting.
• Discuss the different types of cancer.
• Describe the types of genes and their mutations that are involved in carcinogenesis.
• Identify environmental pollutants involved as triggers of cancer.
• Describe different methods of detecting cancer.
• Discuss different methods of treating cancer.

AH122.1: Radiology and Nuclear Medicine

Learning Outcomes:

AH122.1

• Use the medical terms of radiology to communicate and document in writing accurately and precisely in any health care setting.
• Use the medical terms of radiology to communicate verbally with accuracy and precision in any health care setting.
• Describe the nature and characteristics of x-rays.
• Identify the positions and views of the patient’s body used in x-ray examinations.
• Discuss the different techniques for acquiring radiologic diagnostic images.
• Describe the nature and characteristics of radioactive materials used in medical imaging.
• Discuss the nuclear imaging procedures used in the diagnosis of disease.
• Explain the different radiologic techniques used in the treatment of disease.
• Describe the different nuclear medicine therapies and their effectiveness.

AH122.2: Pharmacology

Learning Outcomes:

AH122.2

• Use the medical terms of pharmacology to communicate and document in writing accurately and precisely in any health care setting.
• Use the medical terms of pharmacology to communicate verbally with accuracy and precision in any health care setting.
• Discuss the differences between the chemical name, generic name, and brand name of a drug.
• Define the methods used for setting and referencing the standards for the effectiveness and purity of drugs for sale in the United States.
• Describe controlled substance schedules.
• Differentiate the different routes of drug administration.
• Identify abbreviations used to describe drugs, their routes of administration, and their timing.
• Discuss methods to ensure accuracy and safety in the administration of medications.
• Describe the different classes of drugs, their generic and brand names, and their methods of action.
• Identify Health Professionals involved in pharmacology.